Confinement-deconfinement transition and Z2 symmetry in Z2+Higgs theory

In this paper, we study the Polyakov loop and [Formula: see text] symmetry in lattice theory four-dimensional space using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that is realized Higgs symmetric phase for large number of “temporal” sites. To understand dependence on sites, consider a one-dimensional model by keeping terms original action corresponding to single spatial site. approximation, partition function can be calculated exactly as loop. resulting free energy found have limit temporal We argue due invariance well dominance distribution or density states action.